[107] The division suffered its first casualty on 11 December 1951. Best of luck with your family research! Several units were activated to replace the division and carry on its lineage. It joined the United Nations troops on the front lines during the stalemate of the second half of the war, with constant, low-level fighting and trench warfare against the People's Volunteer Army of China that produced little gain for either side. [6] The division was formed and federally recognized as a National Guard unit on 3 August 1923 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 45th Inf Div (WWII & Korea) ATTN: National Secty 2145 NE 36th St Oklahoma City, OK 73111-5302 405/424-5393 45th Infantry Division Association. The 45th Infantry was originally a National Guard unit drawn from Colorado, Arizona, Oklahoma, and New Mexico. The number of POWs taken by the 45th Division during its almost two years of fighting totalled 124,840 men. Casualty figures for the 45th Infantry Division, European theater of operations: The 45th Infantry Division gained its nickname, "Thunderbird" division, from the gold thunderbird. His name was Donald E. Thompson, PFC. It arrived on December 2, 1920 and redesignated as a Philippine Scout regiment the next day. Welcome to our 45th Infantry Division photo Galleries. Just days before, about 2,000 inmates evacuated on a death march from the Flossenbrg concentration camp had arrived at Dachau and the SS guards had forced almost 7,000 Dachau inmates to move southward. The delegations of journalists and congressmen who had been viewing the Buchenwald concentration camp were quickly diverted to Dachau to see the camp. German soldiers began surrendering to the Allies in large groups; 325,000 soldiers and civilians . [34] Italian and German forces resisted fiercely at Motta Hill on 26 July, however, and for four days the 45th Division was held up there. For more information about these records, please contact the National Archives at St. Louis (RL-SL) at stl.archives@nara.gov. Over the course of its history, the 45th Infantry Division sustained over 25,000 battle casualties, and its men were awarded ten Medals of Honor, twelve campaign streamers, the Croix de Guerre and the Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation. While Sheeran's unit was climbing the Harz Mountains, they came upon a Wehrmacht mule train carrying food and drink up the mountainside. [50], The 45th Infantry Division participated in its fourth amphibious assault landing during Operation Dragoon on 15 August 1944, at St. Maxime, in Southern France. At the time, the 45th Infantry Division was comprised overwhelmingly of high school students or recent graduates and only about 60 percent of its divisional troops had conducted training and drills with the division for a year or more. To access these records for the 1940s, you will need to either make an appointment to visit the, For more information about these records, please contact the National Archives at St. Louis (RL-SL) at, You may experience a delay in receiving an initial acknowledgment as well as a substantive response to your reference request from RL-SL. [103] Though the division was no longer an "All-Oklahoma" unit, leaders opted to keep its designation as the 45th Infantry Division. [citation needed]. & 01.01.1945-16.02.1945 & 04.03.1945-09.05.1945, 191st Tank Battalion (less A Company & 3rd . Dante's Inferno seemed pale compared to the real hell of Dachau. [16] In August 1941, the 45th Infantry Division took part in the Louisiana Maneuvers, the largest peacetime exercises in U.S. military history. The female cooks were first allowed to leave unmolested, then Sheeran and his fellow GIs "ate what we wanted and soiled the rest with our waste". One of our soldiers told his family about his participation in D-Day in France. I had to show them his records, with our unit to prove that he was nowhere near Normandy in June 1944. TheDivision was pulled off the line for rest and training. Army Battle Casualties and Nonbattle Deaths in World War II, Final Report, 1 December 1941 - 31 December 1946. 103rd Infantry Division, 15.08.1944-30.09.1944 & 06.10.1944-26.10.1944 Raymer, Joe US Navy 419. See eVetRecs Help for instructions. Devers. On April 28, the day before liberation, a train bearing about 40 or so railway cars arrived at the camp. The Dachau massacre and other reprisal killings of concentration camp guards and trustee inmates. [2] Also activated from division assets were the 45th Field Artillery Group, later redesignated the 45th Fires Brigade, and the 90th Troop Command. It will take considerably longer to eliminate the backlog on other types of requests, such as genealogical requests for complete copies of records. The 42nd and 45th Infantry Divisions and the 20th Armored Division liberated Dachu, however there were many subcamps and soldiers with our unit, the 36th Infantry Division, often related in the stories they told to their families that they liberated Dachu, when technically it was a subcamp called Kaufring II in Landsburg. 79th Infantry Division, 03.01.1945-17.01.1945 & 22.01.1945-29.01.1945, 19th Armored Infantry Battalion, 14th 45th Infantry Division "Thunderbird" 1939 and before 1939 - present The 45th Infantry Division served for 511 days in Combat in the European African Middle Eastern Theater; during this time they served in the campaigns of SICILY , NAPLES-FOGGIA , ANZIO , ROME-ARNO , SOUTHERN FRANCE , RHINELAND , ARDENNES-ALSACE, and CENTRAL EUROPE. Additionally, only about 20 percent of its personnel had prior experience of military service from World War II. [109] It also conducted constant small-unit patrols along the border seeking to engage Chinese outposts or patrols. & 01.11.1944-10.11.1944 & 01.12.1944-14.02.1945 & 05.03.1945-22.03.1945 Headquarters & Headquarters Battery, 105th Holocaust Memorial Museum provides information about which units liberated which camps on their Recognition of U.S. Liberating Army Units website. [94] The involvement of the National Guard in the fighting in Korea was further expanded when the 40th Infantry Division of the California Army National Guard received warning orders for deployment as well. They took part in intense fighting during the invasion of Sicily and the attack on Salerno in the 1943 Italian Campaign. [90] Nevertheless, the division was one of four National Guard divisions identified as being among the most prepared for combat based on the effectiveness of its equipment, training, and leadership. [36] The 45th Division spent a few days in that city, but on 1 August, the division was withdrawn from the front line for rest and rear-guard patrol duty,[26] after which the division was assigned to Major General Ernest J. Dawley's VI Corps, part of the U.S. Fifth Army, under Lieutenant General Mark W. Clark, in preparation for the invasion of mainland Italy. [105] In the spring, the division launched Operation Counter, which was an effort to establish 11 patrol bases around Old Baldy Hill. History Of the 45th Infantry Following World War I, the National Defense Act of 1920 created the authority to form the 45th Infantry Division from the four states of Oklahoma, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico. [45] For the next few months the 45th Infantry Division was mostly stuck in place, holding its ground during repeated German counterattacks, and subjected to bombardment from aircraft and artillery.[39]. [26], Most of the division returned to New York in September 1945, and from there went to Camp Bowie, Texas. After linking up with the British Eighth Army, which had advanced from the south, the combined force, under the 15th Army Group, commanded by British General Sir Harold Alexander, was stalled when it reached the Gustav Line. These prisoners had apparently crawled out of the cars and had died on the ground. [33] For most of the first two weeks while the division moved slowly north, it encountered only light resistance from Italian forces fighting delaying actions. Please complete a GSA Standard Form 180 and mail it to NARA's National Personnel Records Center, (Military Personnel Records), 1 Archives Drive, St. Louis, MO 63138-1002. Against this, the Allies planned to land 180,000 troops,[27] including the 45th Infantry Division, which was assigned to Lieutenant General Omar Bradley's II Corps, part of the U.S. For more information, please refer to Onsite Operations at the National Personnel Records Center in St. Louis. 1912 - 1946 for Army units that may include morning reports of the component units of the 45th Infantry Division and the 3rd Infantry Division, as well as the 290 Infantry Regiment. For more information see, Official Military Personnel Files (OMPF), Archival Records Requests, Please be aware that NPRC is prioritizing the requests for separation documents needed by veterans and their dependents to prove eligibility for a variety of benefits. Although the information contained in the following pages is not specific to the 45th Infantry Division, it presents an accurate overview of each campaign. [10] In 1937, the division's troops were once again called up, this time to help manage a locust plague affecting Colorado. In practice, the military institutionally recognized the Korea unit as the only "official" division, and most of the returning Oklahoma guardsmen were either separated from the Guard at the end of their enlistments or remained in inactive reserve status. The 45th Infantry Museum honors not just their service, but that of all Oklahomans. It had left Buchenwald four weeks earlier on April 7 filled with more than 5,000 prisoners. See: As a result of this effort, two 45th Infantry Division units existed between 1952 and 1953; the mostly Active-duty 45th Infantry Division (AUS) in Korea, and the National Guard 45th Infantry Division (NGUS) in Oklahoma. The 45th Infantry Division guardsmen saw no major action until they became one of the first National Guard units activated in World War II in 1941. Eisenhower wanted as many as possible to witness the camps. B Company), 2nd Chemical Mortar Battalion (less Lucas sent famed U.S. Army Ranger leader Colonel William Orlando Darby to assume command of the 157th Infantry, and the Germans were repulsed. [89] Because of heavy casualties and slow reinforcement rates, the Army looked to the National Guard to provide additional units to relieve the beleaguered Eighth Army. Inside this website you will find over 100 pages of Maps History and Photographs of the World War Two Thunderbirds. 45th US Infantry Division "Thunderbird" home Divisional information Divisional troops Attachments Assignments Detachments Command Posts Divisional information Top Specials [read more] Read more about the division insignia and there nickname. Wilkin. [104][n 3], By the time the division was in place, the battle lines on both sides had largely solidified, leaving the 45th Infantry Division in a stationary position as it conducted attacks and counterattacks for the same ground. [105] Two companies of Chinese forces ambushed and devastated a patrol from the 179th Infantry a short time later. Nora Drewry wrote on January 10, 2014. The 3rd Div patch is on the left shoulder. As the 45th Infantry Division completed its drive on Munich, the unit was ordered to liberate the Dachau concentration camp. [42][46] VI Corps was stopped at the "Pimlott Line" (the perimeter of the beachhead), and the fight became a battle of attrition. My father, Charles Joseph Capra's records were burned up in the Armory fire in St. Louis. Once this rest period was complete, the division was assigned to XV Corps for the final push into German territory. [80] Its colors were returned to Oklahoma on 25 September of that year, formally ending the division's presence in Korea. Seventh Army under Lieutenant General George S. Patton, for the operation. [114] The 245th Tank Battalion was sent to assault Chinese positions throughout late 1952, but most of the division held a stationary defensive line against the Chinese. [112] Around that time, the 45th Infantry Division relinquished command of Old Baldy Hill to the 2nd Infantry Division. [39] The division captured Munich during the next two days, occupying the city until V-E Day and the surrender of Germany. When describing his first murder for organized crime, Sheeran recalled: "It was just like when an officer would tell you to take a couple of German prisoners back behind the line and for you to 'hurry back'. When the three units arrived at Dachau, they discovered more than 30,000 prisoners in the overcrowded camp. Ray, E. D. 3rd Photo Reconnaissance Squadron 914. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Holocaust and World War II: Key Dates, Wannsee Conference and the "Final Solution", Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, Gleichschaltung: Coordinating the Nazi State, War Refugee Board: Background and Establishment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. [37][40], On 3 November it crossed the Volturno River and took Venafro. Horrible images. Campaigns of the 45th Infantry Division: Naples-Foggia. Originally organized in the continental U.S. in 1917, this organization sailed to the Philippines with all of its records and colors. Lucas then ordered the rest of the division ashore. In some of these cars there were more than enough to cover the floors. This Native American symbol became the division's insignia in 1939. The Division fought defensively along the German border, withdrawing to the Moder River. [26] Nine soldiers were awarded the Medal of Honor during their service with the 45th Infantry Division: Van T. Barfoot,[72] Ernest Childers,[73] Almond E. Fisher,[74] William J. Johnston,[75] Salvador J. Lara,[76] Jack C. Montgomery,[77] James D. Slaton,[73] Jack Treadwell,[78] and Edward G. [48] Men of the 45th Division were the first Allied troops to reach the Vatican. In January 1943 it moved to Fort Pickett, Virginia, for its final training. [50] Against slight opposition, it spearheaded the drive for the Belfort Gap. The soldiers of the 45th Division who liberated the camp were outraged at the malnourishment and maltreatment of the 32,000 prisoners they liberated, some barely alive, and all victims of the Holocaust. & 05.03.1945-15.03.1945 & 20.03.1945-25.03.1945 & 11.04.1945-10.05.1945, 1st Platoon, A Battery, 353rd AAA SL Battalion, 15.08.1944-25.08.1944 & 30.08.1944-09.11.1944 I've always guessed that was possibly for convenience of shipping home. Command Posts. Since all the many bodies were in various stages of decomposition, the stench of death was overpowering. Attachments You did what you had to do.". [99], Though the 45th remained de facto segregated as an all-white unit in 1950,[100] individual unit commanders went to great lengths to integrate reinforcements from different areas and ethnicity into their units. The 45th Infantry Division was an infantry division of the United States Army, most associated with the Oklahoma Army National Guard, from 1920 to 1968. We apologize for this inconvenience and appreciate your understanding and patience as we balance mission-critical work and the safety of our staff during the pandemic. NPRC expects to eliminate this portion of the backlog by fall 2022, and restore their pre-pandemic response times of under ten days for these requests later this fall. Please turn JavaScript back on and reload this page. The 45th Infantry Division was formed in 1924 from National Guard units in the southwestern United States. Some of those photos match the area where Operation Dragoon was executed. Battalion. [17] The division was assigned to VIII Corps with the 2nd Infantry Division and the 36th Infantry Division, camped near Pitkin, Louisiana. Possibly because he had enough points to be shipped home. Based in Oklahoma City and one of the first National Guard units to be activated for World War II, from the shores of France and all the way to Berlin liberating Dachau along the way, they later served in the brutal Korean War. [93] After its basic training was complete, the division was sent to Japan in April 1951 for advanced training and to act as a reserve force for the Eighth United States Army, then fighting in Korea. Send Email To NORA DREWRY. the 45th infantry division, oklahoma, colorado, arizona and new mexico national guards, the thunderbirds, were a group of citizen soldiers who fought long and hard during world war ii (sicily, naples-foggia, anzio, rome-arno, southern france, rhineland, ardennes-alsace, and central europe campaigns), and still do today, as a seperate infantry For more information, please refer to, Onsite Operations at the National Personnel Records Center in St. Louis, We searched the National Archives Catalog and located, for Army units that may include morning reports of the component units of the 45th Infantry Division and the 3rd Infantry Division, as well as the 290 Infantry Regiment. [80][121] The 45th Infantry Brigade received all of the 45th Division's lineage and heraldry, including its shoulder sleeve insignia. In each of them the floor of the car was covered with dead, emaciated bodies. Dad was not given to bragging about his three years in Europe. [4], On 19 October 1920, units of the Oklahoma National Guard were organized as part of the 45th Infantry Division, also manned with troops from Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico. & 01.04.1945-10.05.1945, 636th TD Battalion (SP) (less C Company It went over to the attack, 23 May, crossed the Tiber River, 4 June, outflanking Rome and withdrew for rest and training on the 16th. The proximity of the US Army gave hope to the prisoners in the camp and to anti-Nazis outside it. The U.S. He also claimed to have been at Dachau and talked about it to some detail when I was younger. These were the 7th Infantry Division, the 1st Cavalry Division, the 24th Infantry Division, and the 25th Infantry Division, which were all under the control of the Eighth United States Army. Please type your message and try again. [35] After this, the division was allocated to drive towards Messina, being ordered by the Seventh Army commander to cover the distance as quickly as possible. The terrain was difficult and the weather was poor in the region. However, please note that these records are not online and NARA is not staffed to do this level of research for you. We hope this is helpful. His name was William C. Dennard, enlisted in Houston, TX in October of '42. In retaliation, the 245th Tank Battalion sent nine tanks to raid Agok. [32] The paratroopers, conducting their first combat jump of the war after six weeks of training in Tunisia, then set up to protect the 45th's flank against German counterattack, but without weapons to counter heavy armor, the paratroopers had to rely on support from the 2nd Armored Division to repulse the German Tiger I tanks. Entry: 88092 Subject: EDWARD JAMES LAMBERT. Two regiments of the 45th (the 179th and 157th Infantry) were sent to the Aprilia sector to reinforce the British. 1st Cavalry . Slowly advancing through Italy, they fought in Anzio and in Monte Cassino. The 45th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Scouts, was an element of the Philippine Division, U.S. Army, based at Ft. McKinley. We have no records for him other than his registration card and photos. [83] The division retained many of its best officers as senior commanders as the force downsized, and it enjoyed a good relationship with its community. Seventh Army, along with Free French forces, were able to advance north quickly. Headquartered mostly in Oklahoma City, the guardsmen fought in both World War II and the Korean War. [115] Chinese forces continued to mount concentrated attacks on the lines of the UN forces, including the 45th Infantry Division, but the division managed to hold most of its ground, remaining stationary until the end of the war in the summer of 1953. Campaigns Commanding General Assistant Division Commander Artillery Commander 15.08.1944 Sheeran told Brandt that, when a German soldier had just killed his close friends and then tried to surrender, he would often "send him to hell, too". [8] As a consequence of these militia roots, when the division was properly organized, many of its members were marksmen and outdoorsmen from the remote frontier regions of the Southwestern United States. But the mule drivers were shot and buried in the holes they had dug. Holocaust Memorial Museum provides information about which units liberated which camps on their, Recognition of U.S. Liberating Army Units, Re: Seeking Roster for 45th Inf Division WW2. On 23 May, VI Corps, now commanded by Major General Lucian Truscott, went on the offensive, breaking out of the beachhead to the northeast, with the 45th Division forming the left half of the attack. Error: You don't have JavaScript enabled. View of a Clearing Station, somewhere behind Utah Beach, Normandy, taken June 6 - 7, 1944 - triage of Airborne casualties and patients . [38] On 10 September, elements of the division conducted its second landing at Agropoli and Paestum with the 36th Infantry Division, on the southernmost beaches of the attack. The Seventh Army was being disbanded and Patton had been appointed Military Governor of Bavaria, placing the matter in his hands. It will take considerably longer to eliminate the backlog on other types of requests, such as genealogical requests for complete copies of records. It is curious that his draft card (Ancestry.com) has an annotated discharge date of 31 March 1946. The first evidence of the horror to come was a string of about forty railway cars on a siding near the camp entrance. By 31 May, the German defenses were shattered, and the 45th Division turned northwest, toward the Alban Hills and Rome. Yeah, I've heard of that fire in 1973. They took part in intense fighting during the invasion of Sicily and the attack on Salerno in the 1943 Italian Campaign. I know that the 45th, the 42nd, and the 3rd Divisions swept down through that area. Markham. Also in that collection are two Army Air Corps patches - he started out in the Air Corps - and one USSTAF patch, which the Air Corps evolved into sometime prior to the crossing of the Rhine. Just that, no other details. OMPFs and individual medical reports for soldiers of the U.S. Army who served during World War II and who separated from the service before 1960 are in the custody of NARA's National Personnel Records Center (NPRC) in St. Louis. Group, 36th Engineer Combat Group (less 2nd The 45th Infantry Division, Oklahoma, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico National Guards, the Thunderbirds, were a group of citizen soldiers who fought long and hard during World War II (Sicily, Naples-Foggia, Anzio, Rome-Arno, Southern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe Campaigns), and still do today, as a Seperate Infantry Brigade. We suggest if the search does not find the name you are seeking, also search manually . A non-commissioned officer, Sergeant Horace T. West, 33 years old, later confessed to the crimes in the first incident and was found guilty. [41] Until 9 January 1944, the division, now under Major General William W. Eagles (replacing Major General Middleton who, struck down with arthritis, was sent to England to command VIII Corps in the Normandy invasion), inched forward into the mountains reaching St. Elia, north of Monte Cassino, before moving to a rest area. [80] Instead of comprising units from several states, the post-war 45th was an all-Oklahoma organization. It replaced another previously used Native American symbol, a swastika, that was withdrawn when it became closely associated with the Nazi Party. These offensives were conducted largely in order to secure a better position during the ongoing truce negotiations. Up till now everything was basically small scattered pieces to the puzzle. 107 ] the Division fought defensively along the border seeking to engage Chinese outposts patrols... Less a Company & 3rd those photos match the area where operation Dragoon was executed Governor Bavaria. 245Th Tank Battalion ( less a Company & 3rd of concentration camp guards and inmates. Research for you was overpowering come was a string of about forty railway cars arrived Dachau! 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And to anti-Nazis outside it about his three years in Europe operation Dragoon was executed, final,!, it spearheaded the drive for the operation 179th and 157th Infantry ) were to... Him other than his registration card and photos 50 ] Against slight opposition, it spearheaded drive... Occupying the City until V-E day and the 3rd Div patch is on the ground operation Dragoon executed..., they fought in both World War II and the 45th Infantry Museum honors not just their,! To see the camp a short time later U.S. Army, along with French! Associated with the Nazi Party it spearheaded the drive for the operation and New Mexico by the 45th, 245th... Filled with more than enough to cover the floors Philippine Scouts, was an element of Division! As many as possible to witness the camps a train bearing about 40 or so cars.
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