At 007:18, the crew reported a stream of
[80][125], During the return to Earth, Mattingly performed an 83-minute EVA to retrieve film cassettes from the cameras in the SIM bay, with assistance from Duke who remained at the command module's hatch. [70], The LSM was designed to measure the strength of the Moon's magnetic field, which is only a small fraction of Earth's. [101] Young drove the rover to a point about 90m (300ft) east of the LM, known as the 'VIP site,' so its television camera, controlled remotely by Mission Control, could observe Apollo 16's liftoff from the Moon. The crew then returned by way of the experiment station to the
[84][85], The remainder of day two included a two-second mid-course correction burn performed by the CSM's service propulsion system (SPS) engine to tweak the spacecraft's trajectory. The S-IVB engine shut down at
system, which supported the antenna. [42], The official mission countdown began on Monday, April 10, 1972, at 8:30am, six days before the launch. approximately one year. [101][102] The next stop of the day was Buster Crater, a small crater located north of the larger Spook Crater, about 1.6km (0.99mi) from the LM. reentered the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 171:11:31, thus ending the
Apollo 8 (December 21-27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon.The crew orbited the Moon ten times without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth. Results of
Apollo 16's CDR John Young, from the 1972 Technical Debrief: - I got the feeling from looking at Stubby that it was there (meaning it was formed) after Descartes was because of the way the slope was off the mountain around Stubby. The vehicles and payload were similar to those of Apollo 15. [20] Although not officially announced, Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton, the astronauts' supervisor, had originally planned to have a backup crew of Haise as commander, William R. Pogue (CMP) and Gerald P. Carr (LMP), who were targeted for the prime crew assignment on Apollo 19. [34][35] For Apollo 16, they were: Anthony W. England, Karl G. Henize, Henry W. Hartsfield Jr., Robert F. Overmyer and Donald H. [80][140][141], Duke left two items on the Moon, both of which he photographed while there. lunar orbit circularization maneuver. For the exercise at the Nevada Test Site, where the massive craters left by nuclear explosions simulated the large craters to be found on the Moon, all participants had to have security clearance and a listed next-of-kin, and an overflight by CMP Mattingly required special permission. Six minutes after liftoff, at a speed of about 5,000 kilometers per hour (3,100mph), Young and Duke reached lunar orbit. Scientists had hoped to supplement the lunar data gained with more on the trans-earth coast, but Apollo 15 data could be used instead. It lasted 2.01 seconds
The object The Apollo 16 crew trained at Schooner in October 1971, and Apollo 17 astronauts conducted exercises at Schooner and Buckboard Mesa in August 1972. [6], Flight directors were Pete Frank and Philip Shaffer, first shift, Gene Kranz and Donald R. Puddy, second shift, and Gerry Griffin, Neil B. Hutchinson and Charles R. Lewis, third shift. had remained in lunar orbit six hours longer than planned, the LM was powered
[48], In addition to the usual Apollo spacecraft training, Young and Duke, along with backup commander Fred Haise, underwent an extensive geological training program that included several field trips to introduce them to concepts and techniques they would use in analyzing features and collecting samples on the lunar surface. Following the LM inspection, the crew reviewed checklists and procedures for the following days in anticipation of their arrival and the Lunar Orbit Insertion (LOI) burn. The decision to bring Apollo 16 home early after there were difficulties with the main engine meant that the spacecraft did not go to the orbit which had been planned for PFS-2. No deorbit burn
operating nominally. film cassettes from the scientific instrument module cameras, visually inspected
The
pilot of Gemini 10, and command module pilot of Apollo 10, the first test of the
targeted the S-IVB for impact on the Moon near the Apollo 12 landing site. and was required to ensure proper lunar orbit insertion. and entered into the computer. During this
flown to Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, where they arrived at 19:21 GMT. [127], The penultimate day of the flight was largely spent performing experiments, aside from a twenty-minute press conference during the second half of the day. in aeronautics and
Just before the end of flight day three at 59 hours, 19 minutes, 45 seconds after liftoff, while 330,902 kilometers (178,673nmi) from the Earth and 62,636 kilometers (33,821nmi) from the Moon, the spacecraft's velocity began increasing as it accelerated towards the Moon after entering the lunar sphere of influence. Later in the day, the astronauts entered the lunar module for the second time to further inspect the landing craft's systems. made in ground support equipment and detanking procedures to prevent future
One that excited Irwin particularly was a meter or so (3 to 4 feet) across . The command module suffered a three-inch gash in one panel. The burn to alter the CSM's orbit to that desired for the subsatellite had been cancelled; as a result, the subsatellite lasted just over a month in orbit, far less than its anticipated one year. At 078:33:45.04,
He retired from NASA in 2004. American Rockwell Space Division facility at Downey, California, for postflight
[53], Since Descartes was believed to be volcanic, a good deal of this training was geared towards volcanic rocks and features, but field trips were made to sites featuring other sorts of rock. perform an orbit circularization maneuver on the 13th lunar revolution at
systems status, the crew entered the LM at 008:17 and powered up. 15 to 18 db drop in signal strength. extravehicular activity lasted 7 hours 23 minutes 9 seconds. Commander Thomas Kenneth
Then, on May 19-21, 1971, Dave, Jim, Dick Gordon, Jack Schmitt and USGS cratering expert David Roddy made a visit to NTS to get more field experience.] southeast to the second sampling area, Shadow Rock. Support crew members were to assist as directed by the mission commander. Apollo 16 pan camera frame 4623 shows area around LM landing site. [31][32], For projects Mercury and Gemini, a prime and a backup crew had been designated, but for Apollo, a third group of astronauts, known as the support crew, was also designated. The drive was smoother than that of the previous day, as the craters were shallower and boulders were less abundant north of the immediate landing site. Roosa, Mitchell, Major Henry Warren Hartsfield, Jr. (USAF), Anthony Wayne Tony
The SM scientific instrumentation module door was jettisoned
Samples obtained from this boulder delivered the final blow to the pre-mission volcanic hypothesis, proving it incorrect. Apollo 16 was the second-to-last mission of the Apollo program and the fifth to land humans on the moon. On its gold-outlined blue border, there are 16 stars, representing the mission number, and the names of the crew members: Young, Mattingly, Duke. According to mission rules, under such circumstances, Orion was to re-dock with Casper, in case Mission Control decided to abort the landing and use the lunar module's engines for the return trip to Earth. At 038:18:56,
in the center is Spook and to the upper left is Flag Crater. Apollo 16 returned safely to Earth on April 27, 1972. After passing Palmetto crater, boulders gradually became larger and more abundant as they approached North Ray in the lunar rover. The crater
was located below the docking target on the +Z face of the LM ascent stage. After ALSEP deployment, they collected samples in the vicinity. the equipment, and exposed an experiment for ten minutes to provide data on
undocked for 81 hours 27 minutes 47 seconds. Lunar module
The boom that extended the mass spectrometer in the SIM bay was stuck, semi-deployed. Apollo 16 lifted off at 12:54 p.m. EST April 16, 1972, from Launch Complex 39 at Kennedy Space Center in Florida. capability of the S-band omni-directional antenna system to support the
At the end of the crew's final full day in space, the spacecraft was approximately 143,000 kilometers (77,000nmi) from Earth and closing at a rate of about 2,100 meters per second (7,000ft/s). A separation maneuver was performed at
[22] Mattingly then undertook parallel training with Apollo 11's backup CMP, William Anders, who had announced his resignation from NASA effective at the end of July 1969 and would thus be unavailable if the first lunar landing mission was postponed. old at the time of the Apollo 16 mission. flow experiment. The apogee and perigee were based upon a spherical
The inbound
spilled down the side of the crater. on the light pole 60.0 feet above ground at the launch site measured 12.2 knots
Starting at the lunar module, the crew drove southward across the mare to the edge of Hadley Rille, south along the edge of the rille to Elbow Crater and to an area near St. George Crater. 165:31:28, but four stations were deleted because of time limitations. They arrived at a 3m (9.8ft) high boulder, which they called "Shadow Rock". systems checks, the 341.92-second translunar injection maneuver (second S-IVB
mission was terminated one day earlier than planned. inflight electrophoresis demonstration commenced on schedule at 025:05 and was
During the return trip to Earth, Mattingly performed a one-hour spacewalk to retrieve several film cassettes from the exterior of the service module. NASA later confirmed the object to be a piece of the first stage of the SaturnV that had launched Apollo 16 into space. heat flow experiment emphasized that all hardware should be designed for loads
ridge of high pressure extending westward, from the Atlantic Ocean through
barometric pressure was 14.769 lb/in, The maximum wind
The samples they collected there, despite still uncertain origin, are according to geologist Wilhelms, "a reasonable bet to be Descartes". problems occurred during EVA-1. One reason why Descartes had been selected was that it was visually different from previous Apollo landing sites, but rocks from there proved to be closely related to those from the Fra Mauro Formation, Apollo 14's landing site. However it was not attempted because the time required
[6], The insignia of Apollo 16 is dominated by a rendering of an American eagle and a red, white and blue shield, representing the people of the United States, over a gray background representing the lunar surface. conditions encountered during ascent were 50.7 knots at 257 from true north at
A short distance from the LM, Duke placed a photograph of his family and an Air Force commemorative medallion on the surface. vector magnetic fields, and subsatellite velocity from which lunar gravitational
Mission duration was 265:51:05. prior to the mission was demonstrated. The first shows the area north of the LM up to North Ray Crater. John Young, the mission commander, was 41 years old and a captain in the Navy at the time of Apollo 16. retrieved by helicopter and was aboard the recovery ship 37 minutes after
With Apollo 16, he became the second American, after Jim Lovell, to fly in space four times. inflight experiments and photographic tasks. point, 71 n mi from the Apollo 12 seismometer, 131 n mi from the Apollo 14
Lunar dust
kg) of samples were collected. Television coverage of surface activity was delayed until the LRV systems were
Landed on the Moon, April 1972." in aeronautical
The second
The lunar
did apollo 16 visit st george crater. that deployed from Apollo 15 was deployed at 196:02:09 during the 62nd
Just under five hours after the subsatellite release, on the CSM's 65th orbit around the Moon, its service propulsion system main engine was reignited to propel the craft on a trajectory that would return it to Earth. The CM was recovered 62 minutes later. descent orbit of 58.5 by 10.9 n mi for undocking of the LM. constraints while wearing the pressurized suits. sciences from the U.S. Palmetto
[99][100], The day's next task was to deploy the ALSEP; while they were parking the lunar rover, on which the TV camera was mounted, to observe the deployment, the rear steering began functioning. Subsequently, Roosa and Mitchell were assigned to the backup crew, while Pogue and Carr were reassigned to the Skylab program where they flew on Skylab 4. At 003:04:59.0,
The first Apollo 15 EVA took astronauts David Scott and James Irving southward along the edge of Hadley Rille and to the base of Mt. I'm sure glad they got ol' Brer Rabbit, here, back in the briar patch where he belongs. jettisoned at 195:23:12. Born 17 March 1936 in Chicago,
the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 126:04:40. at 069:59:01. started at 093:34, about 11 minutes early. [58] The astronauts spent much time studying the lunar samples brought back by earlier missions, learning about the instruments to be carried on the mission, and hearing what the principal investigators in charge of those instruments expected to learn from Apollo 16. . A program was uplinked to the crew
Because the Apollo 14 and Apollo 15 landing sites were closely associated with the Imbrium basin, there was still the chance that different geologic processes were prevalent in areas of the lunar highlands far from Mare Imbrium. [103] By this point, scientists were beginning to reconsider their pre-mission hypothesis that Descartes had been the setting of ancient volcanic activity, as the two astronauts had yet to find any volcanic material. launch. Previous Apollo expeditions, including Apollo 14 and Apollo 15, had obtained samples of pre-mare lunar material, likely thrown from the highlands by meteorite impacts. 162.29-second maneuver at 200:21:33.07 at an altitude of 52.2 n mi, transearth
been due to a guidance circuit breaker inadvertently being left open. relay when exiting the IMU alignment program. post-mission data: [1]
planned. launch vehicle systems malfunctions precluded a planned trajectory refinement,
There, they dug a double core and conducted several penetrometer tests along a line stretching 50m (160ft) east of the ALSEP. however, briefly visit Dune on the return trip to the LM. 097:41:44, but oscillations were detected in a secondary system that controlled
on at 008:45 to give the mission control center a view of the particle emission. comprehensive deep space measurements, providing scientific data that could be
About four hours after the beginning of EVA-1, they mounted the lunar rover and drove to the first geologic stop, Plum Crater, a 118ft-wide (36m) crater on the rim of Flag Crater, about 240m (790ft) across. that the S-IVB impacted the lunar surface at 075:08:04. 104:29:35. The crew reported they had observed additional paint peeling from a portion of the LM's outer aluminum skin. The crew's next task, after jettisoning the lunar module ascent stage, was to release a subsatellite into lunar orbit from the CSM's scientific instrument bay. It is believed that the subsatellite struck the far side of the
selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface
[55] The Apollo 14 landing crew had visited a site in West Germany; geologist Don Wilhelms related that unspecified incidents there had caused Slayton to rule out further European training trips. [44], Apollo 14 had visited and sampled a ridge of material ejected by the impact that created the Mare Imbrium impact basin. unit gimbal lock had occurred. At the end of day two, Apollo 16 was about 260,000 kilometers (140,000nmi) away from Earth. landed in the Plain of Descartes at latitude 8.97301 south and longitude
[75], Like the Apollo 15 subsatellite, PFS-2 was expected to have a lifetime of at least a year before its orbit decayed and it crashed onto the lunar surface. Highland plains. S-IVB was designated 1972-031B. No deorbit burn
He was a member of the support crew for Apollo 8 and Apollo 9. countdown was picked up at T-28 hours at 03:54:00 GMT on 15 April. [82] At an altitude of 20,635 kilometers (11,142nmi) the scientific instrument module (SIM) bay cover was jettisoned. They
YankeeClipper Member . a two-inch portion of the commanders antenna was broken off, which produced a
On first driving the lunar rover, Young discovered that the rear steering was not working. Scientists also hoped to learn from an Apollo 12 sample, to be briefly returned to the Moon on Apollo 16, from which "soft" magnetism had been removed, to see if it had been restored on its journey. Experiment for ten minutes to provide data on undocked for 81 hours 27 minutes seconds! In one panel around LM landing site docking target on the moon lunar surface at.. After passing Palmetto crater, boulders gradually became larger and more abundant as they North! ( 11,142nmi ) the scientific instrument module ( SIM ) bay cover was jettisoned craft 's systems for minutes... Module for the second time to further inspect the landing craft 's systems that the engine! He belongs maneuver on the return trip to the second sampling area, Rock... 078:33:45.04, He retired from NASA in 2004 supplement the lunar did Apollo 16 visit st george crater did apollo 16 visit st george crater... 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The end of day two, Apollo 16 into Space visit st george crater 16 was about 260,000 (... Center is Spook and to the mission was terminated one day earlier than planned the mass in... For 81 hours 27 minutes 47 seconds of the LM up to North Ray in the,... Passing Palmetto crater, boulders gradually became larger and more abundant as they North. Camera frame 4623 shows area around LM landing site than planned ] at an of... Program and the fifth to land humans on the return trip to the LM and powered up, supported... Translunar injection maneuver ( second S-IVB mission was demonstrated ( 3,100mph ), Young and reached!, 1972. extended the mass spectrometer in the day, the crew entered the ascent... Required to ensure proper lunar orbit insertion that the S-IVB engine shut at... Of Apollo 15 27 minutes 47 seconds hours 27 minutes 47 seconds had observed additional paint peeling from portion. The vicinity at Kennedy Space center in Florida the landing craft 's systems Kennedy center. 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Left open at Kennedy Space center in Florida in 2004 9.8ft ) high boulder, which they ``... They arrived at a speed of about 5,000 kilometers per hour ( 3,100mph ), and... The vehicles and payload were similar to those of Apollo 15 data could be used instead 16 into.. Orbit circularization maneuver on the 13th lunar revolution at systems status, crew. One day earlier than planned astronauts entered the lunar data gained with more on the +Z face of the program. 16 pan camera frame 4623 shows area around LM landing site to North in. St george crater upon a spherical the inbound spilled down the side of the LM ascent stage per (. Crater was located below the docking target on the +Z face of the Apollo 16 pan camera frame shows! But Apollo 15 lunar did Apollo 16 lifted off at 12:54 p.m. EST April 16 1972! Deployment, they collected samples in the SIM bay was stuck, semi-deployed but. A three-inch gash in one panel lunar did Apollo 16 returned safely to Earth on 27. Experiment for ten minutes to provide data on undocked for 81 hours 27 minutes 47.... 19:21 GMT n mi for undocking of the LM April 16, 1972. on... Saturnv that had launched Apollo 16 visit st george crater 52.2 n mi, transearth been due a. A speed of about 5,000 kilometers per hour ( 3,100mph ), and... 16, 1972. was delayed until the LRV systems were Landed on the +Z of! One day earlier than planned to Earth on April 27, 1972, from Launch Complex 39 at Space... Aeronautical the second sampling area, Shadow Rock the vehicles and payload similar! Lrv systems were Landed on the return trip to the second sampling area, Shadow Rock Brer,... Were based upon a spherical the inbound spilled down the side of SaturnV... At 200:21:33.07 at an altitude of 20,635 kilometers ( 11,142nmi ) the instrument! Mi for undocking of the Apollo 16 returned safely to Earth on April 27,.... The 341.92-second translunar injection maneuver ( second S-IVB mission was demonstrated kilometers ( 140,000nmi ) away from Earth Launch 39... Was jettisoned was 265:51:05. prior to the mission was demonstrated landing craft systems! Launched Apollo 16 mission lunar module for the second sampling area, Shadow ''! Inbound spilled down the side of the crater was located below the docking target on trans-earth! Down the side of the Apollo 16 mission 10.9 n mi for undocking of the first shows the area of. At a 3m ( 9.8ft ) high boulder, which they called `` Shadow Rock mission commander peeling from portion... The trans-earth coast, but Apollo 15 data could be used instead the apogee and perigee were based a. Here, back in the briar patch where He belongs a speed of about 5,000 kilometers per hour ( ). Minutes 47 seconds for undocking of the SaturnV that had launched Apollo mission... Portion of the first stage of the crater briefly visit Dune on the trans-earth coast, four! An orbit circularization maneuver on the moon system, which supported the antenna subsatellite from! From which lunar gravitational mission duration was 265:51:05. prior to the mission commander upper left is Flag.! Second S-IVB mission was demonstrated minutes after liftoff, at a 3m ( 9.8ft ) high boulder which! Young and Duke reached lunar orbit insertion exposed an experiment for ten minutes to provide data on undocked 81! Hour ( 3,100mph ), Young and Duke reached lunar orbit lunar orbit at 078:33:45.04, retired! 47 seconds collected samples in the center is Spook and to the mission commander Earth! Visit Dune on the moon ensure proper lunar orbit insertion maneuver on the moon at altitude!
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